Patent Assertion Entities (PAEs) are companies whose business model is to acquire patents and assert them against companies which generate revenue from making or selling products utilizing such patents (“operating companies”). For years now, PAEs have been troubling operating companies through lawsuits or demanding royalties by other means. What makes PAEs particularly frustrating for operating companies is that on the one hand, operating companies cannot fight back with their own patents because PAEs do not make or sell products, and on the other hand, the quality of the patents that PAEs assert are often very low. Recently, PAEs have received growing investment from venture capital firms and angel investors as a “good business” which has only made the problem grow on a global scale.